Theme 3: Algebra

• Introduction to constants, variable and unknown through patterns and through appropriate word problems and generalizations (For example 1+3=2², 1+3+5=3², 1+3+5+7=4², sum of first n odd numbers = n².).
• Generate such patterns with more examples and generalization.
• Introduction to unknowns through examples with simple contexts (single operations)
• Terminology associated with algebra – like literal numbers, terms, expressions, factor, coefficient, polynomials, and degree, like and unlike terms.
• Framing algebraic expressions.
• Evaluation of algebraic expressions by substituting a value for the variable.
• Introduction to linear equation in one variable.

Theme 4: Geometry

Basic geometrical ideas (2-D)

• Introduction to geometry. Its linkage with and reflection in everyday experiences.
• Line, line segment, ray.
• Open and closed figures.
• Interior and exterior of closed figures.
• Curvilinear and linear boundaries
• Angle – Vertex, arm, interior and exterior.
• Triangle – vertices, sides, angles, interior and exterior, altitude and median.
• Quadrilateral – Sides, vertices, angles, diagonals, adjacent sides and opposite sides (only convex quadrilateral is to be discussed), interior and exterior of a quadrilateral.
• Circle – Centre, radius, diameter, arc, sector, chord, segment, semicircle, circumference, interior and exterior.

Understanding Elementary Shapes (2-D and 3-D)

• Measure of Line segment.
• Measure of angles.
• Pair of lines – Intersecting and perpendicular lines, Parallel lines.
• Types of angles – acute, obtuse, right, straight, reflex, complete and zero angle.
• Classification of triangles (on the basis of sides, and of angles).
• Types of quadrilaterals – Trapezium, parallelogram, rectangle, square, rhombus.
• Simple polygons (introduction) (Upto octagons regulars as well as non-regular).
• Identification of 3-D shapes: Cubes, Cuboids, cylinder, sphere, cone, prism (triangular and square), pyramid (triangular and square), Identification and locating in the surroundings.
• Elements of 3-D figures. (Faces, Edges and vertices).
• Nets for cube, cuboids, cylinders, cones and tetrahedrons.

Symmetry (Reflection)

• Observation and identification of 2-D symmetrical objects for reflection symmetry.
• Operation of reflection (taking mirror images) of simple 2-D objects.
• Recognizing reflection symmetry (identifying axes).

Constructions (using Straight edge Scale, protractor, compasses)

• Drawing of a line segment.
• Perpendicular bisector.
• Construction of angles (using protractor).
• Angle 60°, 120° (Using Compasses)
• Angle bisector – making angles of 30°, 45°, 90° etc. (using compasses).
• Angle equal to a given angle (using compass.)
• Drawing a line perpendicular to a given line from a point a) on the line b) outside the line.
• Construction of circle.

Theme 5: Mensuration

• Concept of perimeter and introduction to area
• Introduction and general understanding of perimeter using many shapes.
• Shapes of different kinds with the same perimeter.
• Concept of area, Area of a rectangle and a square
• Conversion of units (Mass, time, money, and capacity) from to smaller to larger and vice-versa
• Counter examples to different misconceptions related to perimeter and area.
• Perimeter of a rectangle – and its special case – a square.
• Deducing the formula of the perimeter for a rectangle and then a square through pattern and generalization.

Theme 6: Data Handling

• Collection of data to examine a hypothesis
• Collection and organization of data – examples of organizing it in tally bars and a table.
• Pictograph – Need for scaling in pictographs interpretation & construction of pictograph
• Construction of bar graphs for given data interpreting bar graphs.
• Mean and median of data not having more than ten observations.